The Commerce Clause
“The Congress shall have Power … To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes;”
Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 of the U.S. Constitution
Eras of the Commerce Clause
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The 1st Era: Defining the Commerce Clause
1824 — 1890s
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The 2nd Era: A Limited Federal Commerce Power
1890s — 1937
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The 3rd Era: Broad Federal Commerce Power
1937 — 1990s
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The 4th Era: Narrowing Commerce Power & Revival of the Tenth Amendment
1990s — Present
Cases
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Gibbons v. Ogden
22 U.S. (9 Wheat.) 1 (1824)
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NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.
301 U.S. 1 (1937)
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United States v. Darby
312 U.S. 100 (1941)
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Wickard v. Filburn
317 U.S. 111 (1942)
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Hearts of Atlanta, Inc. v. United States
379 U.S. 241 (1964)
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Katzenbach v. McClung
379 U.S. 294 (1964)
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Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority
469 U.S. 528 (1985)
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United States v. Lopez
514 U.S. 549 (1995)
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United States v. Morrison
529 U.S. 598 (2000)
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Gonzalez v. Raich
545 U.S. 1 (2005)
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National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
567 U.S. 519 (2012)