Equal Protection Clause 

  • Voting during Reconstruction | Credit: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division

    The Civil Rights Cases

    109 U.S. 3 (1883)

  • Yick Wo v. Hopkins

    118 U.S. 356 (1886)

  • Plessy v. Ferguson

    163 U.S. 537 (1896)

  • Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

    347 U.S. 483 (1954)

  • Cooper v. Aaron

    358 U.S. 1 (1958)

  • Loving v. Virginia

    388 U.S. 1 (1967)

  • Craig v. Boren

    429 U.S. 190 (1976)

  • Washington v. Davis

    426 U.S. 229 (1976)

  • Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

    438 U.S. 265 (1978)

  • Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center

    473 U.S. 432 (1985)

  • United States v. Virginia

    518 U.S. 515 (1996)