Article III, §1 of the U.S. Constitution establishes the judicial power of the United States in one Supreme Court and delegates the authority to create inferior courts to Congress.
On the second day of the first session of Congress, the Senate passed a resolution to establish a Special Judiciary committee tasked with drafting legislation to create and organize the federal court system. The committee’s work culminated in the Judiciary Act of 1789, which organized the federal judiciary into three Circuit Courts of Appeals and 13 District Courts.
